The Five Autonomous Territories with a Special Status
The five autonomous territories with a special status (Fr: collectivités d’outre-mer) in France are La Réunion (département and region of France since 1946), Guadeloupe (département and region of France since 1946), Martinique (territory of France since 1946), Mayotte, and Saint Barthélemy. In addition, there are two more French overseas collectivities: Wallis and Futuna and Saint Martin. Collectivité territoriale is a legal designation applied to the four French overseas departments, which have local assemblies and budgets managed by their respective regional councils.
The term territorial collectivity means they enjoy local autonomy, though they have no legislative sovereignty. As such, these local governments can pass laws within their jurisdictions but cannot do so in areas that fall under the exclusive legislative jurisdiction of France or one of its regions (for example, tax rates). Overseas collectivities should not be confused with overseas countries, like Andorra or French Polynesia; those entities have been granted much greater powers by Paris than those typically granted to an overseas territory.
The four overseas collectivities with a special status
In addition to France’s 12 regions, there are also four overseas collectivities with special status (French: collectivités d’outre-mer, or COM): French Polynesia, a French overseas territory in Oceania; Wallis and Futuna, a French overseas territory in Oceania; Saint Barthélemy (or St. Barts), a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea; and Saint Martin (or Sint Maarten), a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. The remaining territories are administered directly by France and don’t have any special status. They’re considered integral parts of France.
1) French Polynesia comprises five archipelagos in Oceania—the Society Islands, Marquesas Islands, Austral Islands, Tuamotu Archipelago, and the Gambier Islands—and has a total land area of 442 square miles (1,140 square kilometers). It has more than 118 islands, atolls, and reefs that stretch over 3 million square miles (7 million square kilometers). Tahiti is its most populous island, with 127,444 residents. There are other major population centers on Moorea Island (57,567 residents) and Huahine Island (26,000 residents). Papeete is its capital city. The official language is French.
2) Wallis and Futuna is an overseas territory located in Oceania between Fiji and Samoa. It’s made up of three main islands: Wallis Island, which has an area of 150 square miles (390 square kilometers); Futuna Island, which has an area of about 13 square miles (34 square kilometers); and Alofi Island, which has an area of about 7.8 square miles (20 square kilometers). The main town on Wallis Island is Mata-Utu, while Uvea constitutes Futuna’s main urban center, and Alofi serves as the administrative center for both collectivities. The official language is French.
3) Saint Barthelemy, also known as St. Barts or St. Barths, is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea belonging to France that are part of its overseas region and department of Guadeloupe. The main island has an area of about 4 square miles (10 square kilometers). Gustavia is its capital city. The native language is French.
4) Saint Martin, also known as Sint Maarten, is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea belonging to France that are part of its overseas region and department of Guadeloupe. The main island has an area of about 8 square miles (21 square kilometers). Marigot serves as its capital city. The official dominant language is French.